The Volokh Conspiracy's David Bernstein is caught up in a case of hyperliteralism.
Bernstein excerpts part of an interview with Steven Spielberg in Der Spiegel:
SPIEGEL: [George W. Bush] repeatedly emphasizes that the enemy is evil incarnate and the
enemies are not human beings. The effect of this dehumanization of
terrorists ...
Spielberg: ... is that you also no longer have to treat them as humans.
Whereupon Bernstein challenges his readers: "[C]an anyone come up with a single example of
when Bush has said that the 'enemies are not human beings?'"
This is, I don't know how else to say it, so dumb. Bernstein is assuming that the only way to communicate an idea is literally to say it.* For most of us, though, having come to terms with the post-Gricean world, it just isn't too hard to see that Bush's casting a class of actors as "evil" might be taken by reasonable listeners as identifying those actors with the inhumanity of their actions. To wit, to characterize someone as "evil" arguably abstracts away their humanity--dehumanizes them.
*Bernstein applies a corollary hermeneutic to the interviewer's remarks: look only to the literal meaning of the speaker's words. Thus, Bernstein attributes only the most hyperliteral
interpretation to the interviewer's remarks: that Bush literally
thinks (or says) terrorists are not "human."
It's convenient for
Bernstein's polemical point that the proposition attributed is utterly preposterous. But then we've seen this kind of thing before.
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